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Ethiopian–Somali conflict
The Ethiopian–Somali conflict was a territorial and political dispute between the territories of present-day Ethiopia and Somalia. Lasting from the late 1940s until 2009, the tensions culminated in three wars and numerous military clashes alongside the borders.
==Background ==
During the 16th century, Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad Gurey or Gragn) led a Conquest of Abyssinia (''Futuh al-Habash''), which brought three-quarters of the Christian polity under the power of the Muslim Adal Sultanate.〔Saheed A. Adejumobi, ''The History of Ethiopia'', (Greenwood Press: 2006), p.178〕〔Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc, Encyclopedia Britannica, Volume 1, (Encyclopaedia Britannica: 2005), p.163〕 With an army mainly composed of Somalis,〔John L. Esposito, editor, ''The Oxford History of Islam'', (Oxford University Press: 2000), p. 501〕 Al-Ghazi's forces and their Ottoman allies came close to extinguishing the ancient Ethiopian kingdom. However, the Abyssinians managed to secure the assistance of Cristóvão da Gama's Portuguese troops and maintain their domain's autonomy. Both polities in the process exhausted their resources and manpower, which resulted in the contraction of both powers and changed regional dynamics for centuries to come. Many historians trace the origins of hostility between Somalia and Ethiopia to this war.〔David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar, ''Somalia: Nation in Search of a State'' (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987).〕 Some scholars also argue that this conflict proved, through their use on both sides, the value of firearms such as the matchlock musket, cannons and the arquebus over traditional weapons.〔Cambridge illustrated atlas, warfare: Renaissance to revolution, 1492-1792 By Jeremy Black pg 9〕
In the 19th century, the Ethiopian King Menelik II invaded the Somali-inhabited Ogaden region. The move directly contributed to the birth of a major Somali anti-colonial campaign led by Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan's Dervish State. Hassan's polity eventually collapsed a quarter of a century later in 1920, following heavy British aerial bombardment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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